Digital Transformation Security Specialist. Digital Transformation Specialist. Digital Transformation Technology Architect. Digital Transformation Technology Professional.
IoT Architect. Junior Big Data Science Professional. Junior Cloud Computing Professional. Junior Digital Transformation Professional. Machine Learning Specialist. Microservice Architect. RPA Specialist. Service API Specialist. Service Governance Specialist. Service Security Specialist. Service Technology Consultant. SOA Professional. Pearson Vue Exams. Clouds are distributed technology platforms that leverage sophisticated technology innovations to provide highly scalable and resilient environments that can be remotely utilized by organizations in a multitude of powerful ways.
To successfully build upon, integrate with, or even create a cloud environment requires an understanding of its common inner mechanics, architectural layers, and models, as well as an understanding of the business and economic factors that result from the adoption and real-world usage of cloud-based services.
In doing so, the book establishes concrete, academic coverage with a focus on structure, clarity, and well-defined building blocks for mainstream cloud computing platforms and solutions.
Subsequent to technology-centric coverage, the book proceeds to establish business-centric models and metrics that allow for the financial assessment of cloud-based IT resources, and their comparison to those hosted on traditional IT enterprise premises. Introduction to Cloud Computing Architecture. Chemical and Process Engineering. ER Diagram for Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing. Network Layout Floor Plans. In distributed computing, a problem is divided into many tasks, each of which is solved by one or more computers, which communicate with each other via message passing.
These deal with the properties of a distributed system in the event of different kinds of failures. A system like Hadoop or Spark are distributed computing systems that have capabilities for handling node and network failures. However, both systems are also designed to perform parallel computing. Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a "super virtual computer" is composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to perform large tasks.
Capacity planning can be very challenging because it can require estimating usage load fluctuations. There is a constant need to balance peak usage requirements without unnecessarily over-spending on ITinfrastructure. To accommodate maximum usage loads may require too high of an investment. To moderate the investment may result in lost transactions and other usage limitations due to lower usage thresholds. A computing grid provides a platform in which computing resources are organized into one or more logical pools.
The back-end technology architectures that evolved in support of Webbased applications therefore introduced the need for: Load balancing Serverfarms Clustered servers Clustered databases Virtualization is an established technology that has enabled hardware owners to repeatedly leverage physical servers for wide, concurrent usage.
Virtualization is a key technology in modern cloud computing. The owner of the physical ITresource maintains centralized administrative control and intentionally hides implementation details fro consumers of the virtualITresources. This abstraction of the physical ITresource allows consumers to use the provided virtual ITresources without any required knowledge of how the underlying physical ITresource exists or operates. As consumer usage demands fluctuate, the owner of the physical IT resource can scale it accordingly.
For example, a physical computer will often contain a single installation of an operating system that can be used by a single consumer. Through virtualization, the same computer can provide multiple images of the same operating system installation that can be independently used by multipleconsumers. The owner of the physical computer can retain administrative control of the computer hardware and the base operation system environment.
Consumers of the virtual operating system images can independently configure and control their respective virtual environments, but are not given access to nor require access to the underlying physical environment. Virtualization is an established area of technology that emerged long before cloud computing. Within cloud environments, virtualization technology is primarily utilized to replicate multiple virtual images of the same physical server for remote access by consumers. A virtual server is a form of virtualization software that emulates a physical computer a physical server.
Each physical server can host multiple virtual servers. To a cloud consumer, a virtual server appears as an independent physical server. Scaling, from an ITresource perspective, represents the ability of the IT resource to gracefully handle increased or decreased usage demands.
The horizontal allocation of resources is referred to as scaling out and the horizontal releasing of resources is referred to as scaling in. Horizontal scaling is a common form of scaling within cloud environments. Vertical scaling occurs when an existing resource is replaced by another. The replacing of an ITresource with another that has a higher capacity is referred to as scaling up and the replacing an ITresource with another that has a lower capacity is referred to as scaling down.
Vertical scaling is less common in cloud environments due to the downtime required while the replacement is taking place. Scaling A comparison of horizontal and vertical scaling : A cloud is a distinct and remote ITenvironment designed for the purpose of remotely provisioning scalable and measured ITresources.
ITresources are provided by a cloud for consumers to access remotely, from outside the cloud perimeter. Consumers may or may not know the exact physical location of the IT resources provided by a cloud. Although a cloud will commonly be based on Web protocols and technologies, it is not necessary for a cloud to be Web-based.
A cloud can exist with the use of any remote access protocols that allow for access to itsITresources. Not every ITresource that resides inside a cloud needs to be made directly available toconsumers. A cloud-based ITresource can be remotely accessed or it can support the remote access of other cloud-based ITresources. When an ITresource is made available to external consumers, it is accessible as a cloud service as explained in the upcoming Cloud Service section.
A cloud hosting eight ITresources: three virtual servers, two cloud services, and three cloud storage devices. It is important to note that very often cloud-based ITresources are invoked by or communicate with on-premise ITresources. For example, an ITresource may be moved from an on-premise environment to a cloud, or vice versa. From an implementation perspective, a service is a software program that can be remotely invoked via a published technical interface or API referred to as a service contract.
When a software program invokes and interacts with a service, it is labeled as a service consumer. Services acting as service consumers can invoke other services. When two or more services participate to complete a given task, the services from a service composition. A service can reside on-premise or in a cloud. In the latter case, it is further qualified as a cloud service as explained in the following Cloud Service section. From a cloud computing perspective, any remotely accessible ITresource is classified as a service.
A cloud service can therefore be considered an ITresource made remotely accessible via a cloud. Note that even though a cloud service exists as an ITresource, it may further provide access to other cloud-based ITresources. Note that a cloud service can exist as a software program that acts as an endpoint or access point to a larger application, platform or environment. Most modern runtime environments and operating systems provide a set of system service agents, but service agents can also be customdeveloped.
Service agents do not have a technical interface or service contract and are therefore not explicitly invoked. Service agents are depicted using the rectangular block symbol. Common functions performed by service agents include routing, logging, validation, and security related processing. Service agents are important to cloud computing, especially for providing runtime monitoring and load balancing functions. In order to remotely provision scalable and measured ITresources in an effective manner, an ITenvironment requires a specific set of characteristics.
These characteristics need to exist to a meaningful extent for the IT environment to be considered an effective cloud. Once configured, usage of the self-provisioned ITresources can be automated, requiring no further human involvement by the cloud consumer or cloud provider. This results in an on-demand usage environment. Ubiquitous access represents the ability for a cloud service to be widely accessible.
Establishing ubiquitous access for a cloud service can require support for a range of transport protocols, interfaces and security technologies. To enable this level of access generally requires that the cloud service be tailored to the particular needs of different cloud serviceconsumers.
Multitenancy is a characteristic of a software program that enables an instance of the program to serve different consumers tenants , each of which is isolated from the other. A cloud provider pools its ITresources to serve multiple cloud service consumers by using the multitenancy model. Cloud-based multitenancy models frequently rely on the use of virtualization technologies. Through the use of multitenancy technology, ITresources can be dynamically assigned and reassigned, according to cloud service consumer demands.
The figure on the left is an example of single tenancy in that each cloud service consumer is provided a separate underlying IT resource instance in this case, a storage device. The figure on the right illustrates multitenancy, whereby a single instance of an ITresource is provided to both cloud service consumers, each likely unaware that the ITresource is being shared.
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